What is Flange? China's A105 flange factory specializes in split flanges

A flange, or flange, is a component used to connect pipes by attaching to the pipe end. Flanges feature holes through which bolts can be threaded to securely connect two flanges. Gaskets seal the flanges.

Flanged pipe fittings refer to pipe fittings equipped with flanges, either as lugs or adapters. They can be cast, threaded, or welded.

Flange connection.

A flange connection consists of two flanges, a gasket, bolts, and nuts.

A connection involves securing two pipes, pipe fittings, or equipment onto a flange. Flange gaskets are placed between the two flanges and fastened together using bolts. As pressure is applied to the gasket surface, it undergoes deformation, filling any uneven areas on the sealing surface and tightening the connection. Once the nuts are tightened, the connection is complete.

Some pipe fittings and equipment feature flanges, which are also flange connections. Flange connections are crucial methods in pipeline construction.

A flange connection is a detachable, user-friendly method capable of withstanding high pressure. Widely employed in industrial pipelines, flange connections are ubiquitous in boiler rooms and production sites, though they may not be visible in smaller, low-pressure domestic piping systems.

According to the connected parts, flanges can be categorized into container and pipe flanges.

According to the structural type, flanges can be classified into integral, lap joint, and threaded. Standard integral flanges include flat welding flanges and butt-welding flanges. Flat welding flanges exhibit lower rigidity and are suitable for applications with pressure P ≤ 4 MPa, while butt-welding flanges, also known as high-neck flanges, offer higher rigidity and are suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

There are three types of flanges sealing surfaces: flat sealing surfaces, suitable for low-pressure and non-toxic medium applications; concave-convex sealing surfaces, appropriate for slightly higher-pressure situations; and tenon and groove sealing surfaces, ideal for use with flammable, explosive, and toxic media and high-pressure environments.

The gasket, typically a ring-shaped component, is made from materials capable of plastic deformation and possessing a certain level of strength. Most gaskets are cut from non-metallic plates or fabricated by specialized factories according to specified dimensions. Common materials include asbestos rubber plates, asbestos plates, and polyethylene plates. Additionally, metal-clad gaskets are produced by encasing asbestos and other non-metallic materials in thin metal plates such as white iron sheets or stainless steel. Another type is the spiral wound gasket, crafted from thin steel and asbestos tape.

Ordinary rubber gaskets are suitable for temperatures below 120°C. Compared, asbestos rubber gaskets are used in environments where water vapor temperatures are below 450°C, oil temperatures below 350°C, and pressures under 5 MPa. Acid-resistant asbestos boards are commonly used for general corrosive media. In high-pressure equipment and pipelines, metal gaskets of lens type or other shapes made from copper, aluminum, No. 10 steel, or stainless steel are preferred. These high-pressure gaskets feature a narrow contact width (line contact) with the sealing surface and require a high level of surface finish and gasket processing.

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